流感嗜血杆菌基因分型研究

目的应用生物学分型、血清学分型和脉冲场凝胶电泳(Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis,PFGE)分析从健康人群分离的流感嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus influenzae,Hi)的分子流行病学规律以及与Hi生物学分型、血清学分型、青酶素酶之间的关系。方法对深圳市1月龄以上380名健康人群采集咽拭子,共分离培养175株流感嗜血杆菌,参照Pitt-man方法对菌株进行血清学分型,应用PCR方法进行流感嗜血杆菌属及荚膜鉴定,参照Kilian方法对其中的141株菌株进行生物学分型,从不同年龄组选出共59株流感嗜血杆菌株,应用PFGE技术进行分子分型研究。结果 141株流感嗜血杆菌分为8个生物型,Ⅰ~Ⅷ型分别为8.51%、36.88%、34.04%、4.96%、7.80%、0.71%、6.38%、0.71%。分离的菌株以无荚膜的不可分型Hi为主(97.14%),5株为有荚膜型,其中2株为b型,3株为e型,Hi产青霉素酶的阳性率为14.18%,59株Hi菌株分为52个PFGE基因型。结论深圳市健康人群Hi携带菌株多为无荚膜的不可分型流感嗜血杆菌,生物学分型以Ⅱ、Ⅲ型为主。PGFE基因分型呈明显的多态性。     

Impact of serum uric acid on subclinical myocardial injury in general population

Background and aimsHyperuricemia is widely thought as a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and all-cause mortality; however, the relation of serum uric acid (sUA) and subclinical myocardial injury (SCeMI) remains unclear. We hypothesize that sUA is associated with subclinical myocardial injury.Methods and resultsA total of 5880 adult individuals (57.9 ± 13.0 years, 54.23% women) without known cardiovascular disease from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III were included. Determined by Cardiac Infarction Injury Score (CIIS) from 12-lead electrocardiogram, SCeMI was defined by CIIS ≥10 units. The relationship between sUA and SCeMI was analyzed by using logistic regression models and the smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analyses were conducted. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the smooth curve fitting revealed a non-linear relationship between sUA level and SCeMI. When sUA was above the inflection point 266.5 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 15%. In women group, when sUA>340.3 μmol/L, each 100 unit increase in sUA increase the risk of SCeMI by 71%, but no significant correlation was observed in men group.ConclusionsOur findings confirm that sUA is an independent risk factor for subclinical myocardial injury after adjusting for potential confounding variables, and existence of such an association in women only, which require more random control trials to confirm the strategy of cardiovascular disease prevention based on sUA reduction in female.     

High leptin status indicates an increased risk of mortality and heart failure in stable coronary artery disease

Background and aimsLeptin is an adipocyte-derived peptide involved in energy homeostasis and body weight regulation. The position of leptin in cardiovascular pathophysiology remains controversial. Some studies suggest a detrimental effect of hyperleptinemia on the cardiovascular (CV) system, while others assume the role of leptin as a neutral or even protective factor. We have explored whether high leptin affects the mortality and morbidity risk in patients with stable coronary heart disease.Methods and resultsWe followed 975 patients ≥6 months after myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization in a prospective study. All-cause or cardiovascular death, non-fatal cardiovascular events (recurrent myocardial infarction, stroke, or any revascularization), and hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) we used as outcomes.High serum leptin concentrations (≥18.9 ng/mL, i.e., 4th quartile) were associated with worse survival, as well as with a higher incidence of fatal vascular events or hospitalizations for HF. Even after full adjustment for potential covariates, high leptin remained to be associated with a significantly increased 5-years risk of all-cause death [Hazard risk ratio (HRR) 2.10 (95%CIs:1.29–3.42), p < 0.003], CV death [HRR 2.65 (95%CIs:1.48–4.74), p < 0.001], and HF hospitalization [HRR 1.95 (95% CIs:1.11–3.44), p < 0.020]. In contrast, the incidence risk of non-fatal CV events was only marginally and non-significantly influenced [HRR 1.27 (95%CIs:0.76–2.13), p = 0.359].ConclusionsHigh leptin concentration entails an increased risk of mortality, apparently driven by fatal CV events and future worsening of HF, on top of conventional CV risk factors and the baseline status of left ventricular function.     

2015—2018年深圳市南山区老年伤害医院监测患者特征分析

目的分析2015—2018年深圳市南山区老年人伤害监测病例分布及特征,为预防控制老年伤害发生提供依据。方法通过伤害监测系统收集2015—2018年间因伤害首次在深圳市南山区伤害监测哨点医院急诊室就诊的60岁及以上老年病例资料,并进行描述性分析。结果共收集老年伤害病例10616例,男女性别比为1∶1.35;伤害发生原因前五位依次为跌倒/坠落(57.12%)、动物伤(13.97%)、刀/锐器伤(10.41%)、钝器伤(8.18%)、道路交通伤害(7.56%)。动物伤在各年份的占比呈逐年上升的趋势;伤害发生地点主要为家中(45.71%);伤害发生时以进行休闲活动时为主(67.96%);伤害性质以挫伤/擦伤(45.79%)、锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤(28.23%)、骨折(12.79%)居多;伤害严重程度多数为伤势较轻,预后良好。结论老年伤害多发于女性,跌倒/坠落、动物伤及道路交通伤害是老年群体伤害防控的重点。     

噬菌体MS2和f_2对消毒剂二溴海因抵抗力研究

目的研究噬菌体MS2和f2对消毒剂二溴海因的抵抗力,探讨肠道病毒灭活效果的指示病毒。方法采用病毒悬液定量灭活试验方法,比较两种噬菌体对二溴海因的抗力。结果浓度为250 mg/L二溴海因消毒液作用5 min和10 min,对MS2噬菌体的灭活对数值分别为3.87和4.36。相同浓度的二溴海因消毒液作用5 min和10 min,对f2噬菌体的灭活对数值为3.25和3.48。二溴海因对f2噬菌体灭活对数值达到4.0以上,需要提高浓度到375 mg/L,且需要作用10 min。结论研究证明,f2噬菌体对二溴海因抗力明显高于MS2噬菌体。     

The organochlorine p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane induces colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an organochlorine pollutant, is associated with several types of cancer. However, the relationship between DDT and colorectal cancer is uncertain. In this study, the impact of p,p′-DDT on colorectal cancer growth was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results indicated that the proliferation of human colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD1 cells was significantly promoted after exposed to low concentrations of p,p′-DDT ranging from 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁷ M for 96 h. Exposure to p,p′-DDT from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁸ M led to upregulation of phospho-GSK3β (Ser9), β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in DLD1 cells. RNA interference of β-catenin inhibited the proliferation of DLD1 cells stimulated by p,p′-DDT. Inhibiting of estrogen receptors (ERs) had no significant effect on the action of p,p′-DDT. Treatment with p,p′-DDT induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in DLD1 cells. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, suppressed the induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and DLD1 cell proliferation by p,p′-DDT. Moreover, in a mouse xenograft model, 5 nmol/kg p,p′-DDT resulted in increased tumor size, oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicated that low concentrations of p,p′-DDT promoted colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was mediated by oxidative stress. The finding suggests an association between low concentrations of p,p′-DDT exposure and colorectal cancer progression.     

2016—2020 年深圳市南山区登革热流行特征分析

目的 分析 2016—2020 年深圳市南山区登革热的流行特点和病例就医行为的特征,为登革热防控工作提供参考。 方法 收集 2016—2020 年南山区登革热病例资料和蚊媒监测信息,采用描述性流行病学方法分析其流行特征。 结果 2016—2020 年南山区共报告 198 例登革热病例,其中本地病例 110 例,输入性病例 88 例,年均发病率为 2. 73 / 10 万。 全年除 3 月份外,其他月份均有登革热病例发生,以 9、10 月份病例数最多,占病例总数的65. 66%(130 / 198)。 南山区 8 个街道均有登革热病例发生,年均发病率最高的 3 个街道为蛇口、西丽和桃源,分别为 4. 96 / 10 万、3. 76 / 10 万、3. 16 / 10 万。 发病年龄为 10 ~ 81 岁,其中 20 ~ 59 岁病例数最多,共 169 例,占 85. 36%;男性登革热年均发病率(3. 28 / 10 万)高于女性( 2. 12 / 10 万),差异有统计学意义( χ² = 9. 041,P< 0. 05)。 2016— 2020 年共发生 6 起暴发疫情,其中 4 起为工地暴发疫情。 蚊媒监测发现,布雷图指数(BI)高峰为 8—9 月,6—10 月BI 均超过警戒值 ( 5)。 198 例登革热病例中,初诊正确率为 36. 87%,住院率为 70. 71%,公立医院首诊率为58. 59%,发病至首次就诊的间隔时间为 1 d(0~ 3 d),发病至确诊的间隔时间为 5 d(3~ 6 d)。 公立医院首诊率输入性病例高于本地病例,发病至首次就诊间隔天数输入性病例比本地病例更长,差异均有统计学意义( χ² = 4. 672、 Z= 0. 493, P均<0. 05)。 结论 南山区登革热疫情形势严峻,应对所有医疗机构开展诊疗和防控培训,加强蚊媒消杀公司培训,加强口岸入境人员和工地等高风险区域的健康教育,做到登革热的早发现、早诊断、早隔离。     

2009-2012年深圳市南山区非结核病防治机构报告疑似肺结核患者到位情况分析

目的 分析南山区非结核病防治机构（简称“非结防机构”）报告疑似肺结核患者到位情况,探索提高非结防机构报告疑似肺结核患者总体到位率的方法。 方法 收集2009年1月至2012年12月10 520例深圳市南山区结核病管理信息系统中非结防机构报告疑似肺结核患者,对这些患者的转诊、到位、未到位数据资料进行线性趋势性χ^2检验分析,以P〈0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果 2009—2012年深圳市南山区非结防机构对疑似肺结核患者的转诊到位率分别为55.76%（1709/3065）、50.90%（1470/2888）、49.21%（1149/2335）、50.45%（1126/2232）;追踪到位率分别为57.11%（699/1224）、49.29%（521/1057）、56.39%（375/665）、63.79%（303/475）;总体到位率分别为82.87%（2540/3065）、81.44%（2352/2888）、87.58%（2045/2335）、92.29%（2060/2232）。转诊到位率逐年呈下降趋势（χ趋势^2=17.89, P〈0.001）,而追踪到位率（χ趋势^2=4.04, P〈0.05）和总体到位率（χ趋势^2=113.31, P〈0.001）均呈上升趋势。 结论 通过采取综合干预措施,规范疑似肺结核患者转诊报告和追踪流程,使2009—2012年深圳市南山区非结防机构报告疑似肺结核患者的总体到位率逐年上升。     

ICP-MS法测定微波条件下陶瓷餐具中的元素浸出

目的:测定微波条件下陶瓷餐具的浸出元素,以期了解陶瓷餐具微波加热食品的安全性。方法:采用ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱)法测定不同微波条件下陶瓷餐具的元素浸出液。结果:浸出液中硒、银、锡、汞、等元素的含量小于检出限,砷、锰、铁、铜、镉、镍等元素的含量较低,铝、锌、铅等元素则有相对明显的浸出;元素的浸出量与微波的时间及微波后的浸泡时间成正比,与微波浸泡次数成反比。结论:在酸性微波条件下,陶瓷餐具中的部分元素会有一定量浸出,浸出量与微波的时间及微波后的浸泡时间成正比,浸出量随着浸泡次数的增加而减少,不具有持续效应。